Sensitivitas sektor WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) terhadap perubahan iklim di Indonesia: Tinjauan anak sebagai kelompok rentan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v18i1.2653Keywords:
radiotherapy, WASH, radiation dermatitis, mucositis, low and middleincome countriesAbstract
Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-46 dari 163 negara dalam Children’s Climate Risk Index (CCRI), menunjukkan tingginya risiko anak-anak terhadap dampak perubahan iklim. Satu sektor kunci permasalahan ini yakni WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) yang melatarbelakangi tujuan penelitian ini dalam menganalisis pengaruh curah hujan dan suhu udara terhadap kepekaan sektor WASH di Indonesia, terkhusus pada eksistensi anak sebagai kelompok rentan. Melalui metode deskriptif kuantitatif, proyeksi iklim tahun 2021 – 2050 dimanfaatkan untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah dengan capaian sektor WASH yang berisiko. Aspek yang ditinjau meliputi akses anak terhadap fasilitas air dan sanitasi layak, Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA), dan Incident Rate (IR) diare. Terdapat 5 provinsi dengan deviasi proyeksi iklim yang cukup signifikan di kedua variabel iklim sekaligus, meliputi Bengkulu, DI Yogyakarta, Jawa Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dan Riau. Di sisi lain, wilayah dengan populasi anak “Sangat Padat” (DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, dan Banten) mengalami deviasi yang lebih dominan pada variabel suhu udara. Secara kuantitas, variabel suhu udara mengakibatkan lebih banyak perubahan kelas indeks WASH dibandingkan curah hujan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya potensi beberapa wilayah berpopulasi padat bertepatan dengan wilayah yang sensitif dari aspek WASH dan/atau perubahan iklim. Sehingga direkomendasikan agar dibentuknya strategi kebijakan yang adaptif dan tahan terhadap tantangan lingkungan, serta melibatkan masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaannya.
Abstract: Indonesia ranks 46th out of 163 countries in the Children’s Climate Risk Index (CCRI), indicating that children are at high risk from the impacts of climate change. A key sector in this issue is WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene), which forms the basis for this study’s objective: to analyse the influence of rainfall and air temperature on the vulnerability of the WASH sector in Indonesia, with a particular focus on children as a vulnerable group. Using a quantitative descriptive method, climate projections for 2021–2050 were utilised to identify regions where WASH sector outcomes are at risk. The aspects examined included children’s access to adequate water and sanitation facilities, the Water Quality Index (WQI), and the incidence rate (IR) of diarrhoea. There are five provinces with significant deviations in climate projections for both climate variables simultaneously, namely Bengkulu, Yogyakarta Special Region, East Java, the Bangka Belitung Islands and Riau. On the other hand, regions with a ‘very dense’ child population (Jakarta Special Capital Region, West Java and Banten) experienced more pronounced deviations in the air temperature variable. In quantitative terms, the air temperature variable resulted in more changes in WASH index classes than rainfall. This study indicates that several densely populated regions coincide with areas that are sensitive in terms of WASH and/or climate change. It is therefore recommended that policy strategies be developed which are adaptive and resilient to environmental challenges, and which involve local communities in their management.
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